Petroleum & related technologies

This European Standard specifies requirements and test methods for marketed and delivered ethanol to be used as an extender for automotive fuel for petrol engine vehicles in accordance with the requirements of EN 228. It is applicable to ethanol used for blending at all levels up to and including 85 % (V/V).

NOTE          For the purposes of this document, the term “% (m/m)” and “% (V/V)” are used to represent the mass fraction, µ, and the volume fraction, φ, respectively.

This part of EN 12607 specifies a method for measuring the combined effects of heat and air on a thin moving film of bitumen or bituminous binder, simulating the hardening which most bituminous binders undergo during mixing in an asphalt mixing plant. The method is suitable for other bituminous binders than paving grade bitumen, but the reference temperature might give excessive hardening that do not resemble real conditions during mixing at the plant. The method may not represent the hardening that occurs during mixing of warm mix binders.

The method is referred to as RFT, i.e. Rotating Flask Test.

WARNING — Use of this European Standard can involve hazardous materials, operations and equipment. This European Standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this European standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and to determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

If there is a likelihood of volatile components being present in a binder, this procedure should not be used. It should not be used for cut-back bitumen or bituminous emulsions before these products have been stabilised, e.g. in accordance with EN 13074-2.

This European Standard specifies a method for determining the degree of solubility of bituminous binders having little or no mineral matter other than recovered bituminous binders from asphalt mixes, in a specific solvent. Toluene is used as the solvent for reference tests.

NOTE          Bituminous binders will have varying solubility in different solvents.

WARNING — Use of this European Standard can involve hazardous materials, operations and equipment. This European Standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this European Standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

This European Standard specifies a method for the determination of the kinematic viscosity of bituminous binders at 60 °C and 135 °C, in a range from 6 mm²/s to 300 000 mm²/s. Other temperatures are possible if calibration constants are known. Bituminous emulsions are not covered within the scope of this method.

NOTE          Emulsions containing bituminous binders are not considered to be covered by this method. The method can be used for anhydrous binders obtained from emulsions (stabilised and/or recovered binders).

Results for this method can be used to calculate dynamic viscosity when the density of the test material is known or can be determined.

WARNING — Use of this European Standard can involve hazardous materials, operations and equipment. This European Standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this European Standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

This part of EN 12607 describes a method for measuring the combined effects of heat and air on a film of bitumen or bituminous binder, simulating the hardening which most bituminous binders undergo during mixing in an asphalt mixing plant. The method is suitable for other bituminous binders than paving grade bitumen, but the reference temperature might give excessive hardening that do not resemble real conditions during mixing at the plant. The method may not represent the hardening that occurs during mixing of warm mix binders.

Additionally, this part of EN 12607 specifies a method for the determination of the change in mass of oxidised bitumens and hard industrial bitumens after heating. The method is used to detect volatile components, and in EN 13304 and EN 13305, it will be reported as loss in mass.

The method is referred to as TFOT, i.e. Thin Film Oven Test.

WARNING — Use of this European Standard can involve hazardous materials, operations and equipment. This European Standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this European Standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and to determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

If there is a likelihood of volatile components being present in a binder, this procedure should not be used. It should not be used for cutback bitumen or bituminous emulsions before these products have been stabilised, e.g. in accordance with EN 13074-2.

This European Standard specifies a method for the determination of the dynamic viscosity of bituminous binders by means of a vacuum capillary viscometer at 60 °C in a range between 0,003 6 Pa · s to over 580 000 Pa · s. Bituminous emulsions are not within the scope of this method.

NOTE 1       Emulsions containing bituminous binders are not considered to be covered by this method. This method can be used for anhydrous binders obtained from emulsions (stabilised and/or recovered binders).

NOTE 2       The viscosity behaviour of some polymer modified bitumens (PMB) is not demonstrated in a vacuum capillary viscometer. Other methods are more relevant.

WARNING — Use of this European Standard can involve hazardous materials, operations and equipment. This European Standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this European Standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

This part of EN 12607 specifies a method for measuring the combined effects of heat and air on a thin moving film of bitumen or bituminous binder simulating the hardening which most bituminous binders undergo during mixing in an asphalt mixing plant.

The method described is not applicable to some modified binders or to those where the viscosity is too high to provide a moving film. The sample may creep out of the glass container and flow on the heating elements of the oven during testing. The method is suitable for other bituminous binders than paving grade bitumen, but the reference temperature might give excessive hardening that do not resemble real conditions during mixing at the plant. The method may not represent the hardening that occurs during mixing of warm mix binders.

The method is referred to as RTFOT, i.e. Rolling Thin Film Oven Test.

WARNING — Use of this European Standard can involve hazardous materials, operations and equipment. This European Standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this European Standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and to determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

If there is a likelihood of volatile components being present in a binder, this procedure should not be used. It should not be used for cutback bitumen or bituminous emulsions before these products have been stabilised, e.g. in accordance with EN 13074-2.

This European Standard specifies a method for preparing samples of bituminous binders in order to test their properties.

WARNING — Use of this European Standard can involve hazardous materials, operations and equipment. This European Standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this European Standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

This European Standard specifies a test method for the determination of the oxidation stability of fuels for diesel engines, by means of measuring the induction period of the fuel up to 48 h at 120 °C. The method is applicable to fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) intended for the use as pure biofuel or as a blending component for diesel fuels, and to blends of FAME with petroleum-based diesel containing 2 % (V/V) of FAME at minimum.

NOTE 1       A similar test method for oxidation stability at 110 °C is described in EN 15751 [1], which applies to pure FAME and Diesel/FAME blends containing 2 % (V/V) of FAME at minimum. Another alternative for distillate fuels is described in EN ISO 12205 [3].

NOTE 2       For induction periods higher than 48 h the precision is not covered by the precision statement of this method. The limit values of the relevant fuel standards are well within the scope of this test method.

The presence of cetane improver can reduce the oxidation stability determined by this test method. Limited studies with 2-ethyl hexyl nitrate (EHN) indicated, however, that the stability is reduced to an extent which is within the precision range of the test method.

This part of ISO 19901 is intended for clients, soil investigation contractors, designers, installation contractors, geotechnical laboratories and public and regulatory authorities concerned with marine soil investigations for any type of offshore and nearshore structures, or geohazard assessment studies, for petroleum and natural gas industries.

This part of ISO 19901 provides requirements, recommendations and guidelines for marine soil investigations regarding:

a)     objectives, planning and execution of marine soil investigations;

b)    deployment of investigation equipment;

c)     drilling and logging;

d)    in situ testing;

e)     sampling;

f)     laboratory testing;

g)    reporting.

Rock materials are only covered by this part of ISO 19901 to the extent that ordinary marine soil investigation tools can be used, e.g. for chalk, calcareous soils, cemented soils or similar soft rock. Hard rock investigations are not covered by this part of ISO 19901; see also F.13.

Foundation design is not covered by this part of ISO 19901, but covered in ISO 19901-4 and in the respective design standards for the specific types of offshore structures as listed in the Foreword.

Planning, execution and interpretation of geophysical investigations are not covered by this part of ISO 19901. However, the results from geophysical investigations should, where appropriate, be used for planning, optimization and interpretation of marine soil investigations.

Regarding geohazard assessment studies this part of 19901 does not cover planning, scope and the assessment itself, only the marine soil investigations.

This European Standard specifies a method based on inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP OES) for the determination of manganese content present as methylcyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl (MMT 1)) and of iron content present as ferocene, each from about 0,5 mg/l to about 7,0 mg/l in distillate fuels including those containing up to about 10 % (V/V) fatty acid methylester (FAME).

WARNING — The use of this European Standard may involve hazardous materials, operations and equipment. This European Standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this European Standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and to determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

NOTE 1       Manganese and iron contents higher than 7,0 mg/l can be measured after preliminary dilution of the sample with a suitable solvent. However, the precision has not been established for such a procedure.

NOTE 2       For the purposes of this European Standard, the term “% (V/V)” is used to represent the volume fraction (φ) of a material.