Construction materials

This European Standard defines terms and specifies characteristics for ceramic tiles produced by extrusion and dry-pressing techniques, used for internal and/or external floorings (including stairs) and walls. Furthermore, it provides the level of requirements for these characteristics and references to the test methods applied (see Note) as well as provisions for evaluation of conformity and marking.

NOTE          The series of standards EN ISO 10545 describe the test procedures required to determine most of the product characteristics listed in this European Standard. The series is divided into 16 parts, each describing a specific test procedure or related matter.

This European Standard does not cover:

—       ceramic tiles, made by processes other than extrusion or dry-pressing;

—       dry-pressed unglazed ceramic tiles with water absorption greater than 10 %;

—       ceramic tiles used for floorings on external road finishes;

—       ceramic tiles used in ceiling finishes or suspended ceilings.

This procedure is a method for evaluating the carbonation resistance of concrete using an accelerated carbonation test. After a period of preconditioning, the test is carried out under controlled exposure conditions using an increased level of carbon dioxide to which, the vertical sides of the specimen are exposed.

NOTE          The test under reference conditions takes a minimum of 112 days comprising a minimum age of the specimen of 28 days prior to conditioning, a minimum conditioning period of 14 days and a minimum exposure to increased carbon dioxide levels of 70 days.

It is not a method for the determination of carbonation depths in existing concrete structures.

This Standard specifies a method for determining the unidirectional non-steady state chloride penetration parameters of conditioned specimens of hardened concrete. The test method enables the determination of the chloride penetration at a specified age, e.g. for ranking of concrete quality by comparative testing.

NOTE 1       The aim of the test will normally be to assess the potential resistance to chloride ingress for a concrete mix.

NOTE 2       Since resistance to chloride penetration depends on the ageing, due to the effects of continual hydration of the  concrete, the ranking may also change with age.

This standard describes the product characteristics and includes procedures for testing, marking and labelling.

This European Standard specifies the requirements for loose-fill expanded clay lightweight aggregate (expanded clay LWA) products for Civil Engineering Applications excluding the use as thermal insulation in and under buildings which are covered by European Standard EN 14063-1. The standard covers the use of expanded clay LWA as lightweight fill and insulation materials in embankments for roads, railways and other trafficked areas and as lightweight backfill for structures.

This standard does not specify the required level of a given property to be achieved by a product to demonstrate fitness for purpose in a particular application. The levels required for a given application are to be found in regulations or non-conflicting standards.

This International Standard specifies material requirements for preformed, solid vulcanized rubber structural gaskets in sealing and supporting applications for buildings.

NOTE          Specifications for non-supporting gaskets are given in ISO 3934.

(1) This European Standard applies to concrete for structures cast in situ and for precast products for buildings and other civil engineering structures.

(2) The concrete under this European Standard can be

—       normal-weight, heavy-weight and light-weight;

—       mixed on site, ready-mixed or produced in a plant for precast concrete products;

—       compacted or self-compacting to retain no appreciable amount of entrapped air other than entrained air.

(3) This standard specifies requirements for:

—       the constituents of concrete;

—       the properties of fresh and hardened concrete and their verification;

—       the limitations for concrete composition;

—       the specification of concrete;

—       the delivery of fresh concrete;

—       the production control procedures;

—       the conformity criteria and evaluation of conformity.

(4) Other European standards for specific products e.g. precast products or for processes within the field of the scope of this Standard may require or permit deviations.

(5) Additional or different requirements may be given for specific applications or in other European standards, for example:

—       concrete to be used in roads and other trafficked areas (e.g. concrete pavements according to EN 13877‑1);

—       special technologies (e.g. sprayed concrete according to EN 14487).

—       (6) Supplementing requirements or different testing procedures may be specified for specific types of concrete and applications, for example:

—       concrete for massive structures (e.g. dams);

—       dry mixed concrete;

—       concrete with an upper aggregate size of 4 mm or less;

—       self-compacting concretes (SCC) containing lightweight or heavy-weight aggregates or fibres.

(7) This standard does not apply to:

—       aerated concrete;

—       foamed concrete;

—       concrete with open structure (“no-fines” concrete);

—       concrete with density less than 800 kg/m3;

—       refractory concrete.

(8) This standard does not cover health and safety requirements for the protection of workers during production and delivery of concrete.